Basic data types and properties
Author(s): Daniel Cabeza, Manuel Hermenegildo.
This library contains the set of basic properties used by the builtin predicates, and which constitute the basic data types and properties of the language. They can be used both as type testing builtins within programs (by calling them explicitly) and as properties in assertions.
Usage and interface
- Library usage:
These predicates are builtin in Ciao, so nothing special has to be done to use them. - Exports:
- Properties:
member/2, compat/2, inst/2, iso/1, deprecated/1, not_further_inst/2, sideff/2, regtype/1, native/1, native/2, rtcheck/1, rtcheck/2, no_rtcheck/1, eval/1, equiv/2, bind_ins/1, error_free/1, memo/1, filter/2, pe_type/1. - Regular Types:
term/1, int/1, nnegint/1, flt/1, num/1, atm/1, struct/1, gnd/1, gndstr/1, constant/1, callable/1, operator_specifier/1, list/1, list/2, nlist/2, sequence/2, sequence_or_list/2, character_code/1, string/1, num_code/1, predname/1, atm_or_atm_list/1, flag_values/1.
- Properties:
- Imports:
- System library modules:
assertions/native_props, terms_check. - Packages:
prelude, nonpure, assertions, nortchecks, nativeprops.
- System library modules:
Documentation on exports
(True) Usage:term(X)
X is any term.
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.
True:term(X)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)term(X) is side-effect free.
True:term(X)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)term(X) is evaluable at compile-time.
True:term(X)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:equiv/2)term(X) is equivalent to true.
(True) Usage:int(T)
T is an integer.
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.
True:int(T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)int(T) is side-effect free.
True:int(T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:nonvar/1)T is currently a term which is not a free variable.
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)int(T) is evaluable at compile-time.
(native_props:is_det/1)All calls of the form int(T) are deterministic.
Trust:int(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:int/1)T is an integer.
Trust:
- The following properties hold globally:
(native_props:test_type/2)Indicates the type of test that a predicate performs. Required by the nonfailure analyisis.
(True) Usage:nnegint(T)
T is a non-negative integer.
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.
True:nnegint(T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)nnegint(T) is side-effect free.
True:nnegint(T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:nonvar/1)T is currently a term which is not a free variable.
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)nnegint(T) is evaluable at compile-time.
Trust:nnegint(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:nnegint/1)T is a non-negative integer.
Trust:
- The following properties hold globally:
(native_props:test_type/2)Indicates the type of test that a predicate performs. Required by the nonfailure analyisis.
(True) Usage:flt(T)
T is a float.
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.
True:flt(T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)flt(T) is side-effect free.
True:flt(T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:nonvar/1)T is currently a term which is not a free variable.
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)flt(T) is evaluable at compile-time.
(native_props:is_det/1)All calls of the form flt(T) are deterministic.
Trust:flt(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:flt/1)T is a float.
Trust:
- The following properties hold globally:
(native_props:test_type/2)Indicates the type of test that a predicate performs. Required by the nonfailure analyisis.
(True) Usage:num(T)
T is a number.
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.
True:num(T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)num(T) is side-effect free.
(basic_props:bind_ins/1)num(T) is binding insensitive.
True:num(T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:nonvar/1)T is currently a term which is not a free variable.
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)num(T) is evaluable at compile-time.
(native_props:is_det/1)All calls of the form num(T) are deterministic.
Trust:num(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:num/1)T is a number.
Trust:
- The following properties hold globally:
(native_props:test_type/2)Indicates the type of test that a predicate performs. Required by the nonfailure analyisis.
(True) Usage:atm(T)
T is an atom.
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.
True:atm(T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)atm(T) is side-effect free.
True:atm(T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:nonvar/1)T is currently a term which is not a free variable.
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)atm(T) is evaluable at compile-time.
(native_props:is_det/1)All calls of the form atm(T) are deterministic.
Trust:atm(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:atm/1)T is an atom.
Trust:
- The following properties hold globally:
(native_props:test_type/2)Indicates the type of test that a predicate performs. Required by the nonfailure analyisis.
(True) Usage:struct(T)
T is a compound term.
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.
True:struct(T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)struct(T) is side-effect free.
True:struct(T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:nonvar/1)T is currently a term which is not a free variable.
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)struct(T) is evaluable at compile-time.
Trust:struct(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:struct/1)T is a compound term.
(True) Usage:gnd(T)
T is ground.
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.
True:gnd(T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)gnd(T) is side-effect free.
True:gnd(T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:ground/1)T is currently ground (it contains no variables).
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)gnd(T) is evaluable at compile-time.
(native_props:is_det/1)All calls of the form gnd(T) are deterministic.
Trust:gnd(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:gnd/1)T is ground.
Trust:
- The following properties hold globally:
(native_props:test_type/2)Indicates the type of test that a predicate performs. Required by the nonfailure analyisis.
(True) Usage:gndstr(T)
T is a ground compound term.
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.
True:gndstr(T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)gndstr(T) is side-effect free.
True:gndstr(T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:ground/1)T is currently ground (it contains no variables).
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)gndstr(T) is evaluable at compile-time.
(native_props:is_det/1)All calls of the form gndstr(T) are deterministic.
Trust:gndstr(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:gndstr/1)T is a ground compound term.
(True) Usage:constant(T)
T is an atomic term (an atom or a number).
True:constant(T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)constant(T) is side-effect free.
True:constant(T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:nonvar/1)T is currently a term which is not a free variable.
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)constant(T) is evaluable at compile-time.
(native_props:is_det/1)All calls of the form constant(T) are deterministic.
Trust:constant(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:constant/1)T is an atomic term (an atom or a number).
(True) Usage:callable(T)
T is a term which represents a goal, i.e., an atom or a structure.
True:callable(T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)callable(T) is side-effect free.
True:callable(T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:nonvar/1)T is currently a term which is not a free variable.
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)callable(T) is evaluable at compile-time.
(native_props:is_det/1)All calls of the form callable(T) are deterministic.
Trust:callable(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(term_typing:nonvar/1)T is currently a term which is not a free variable.
- xfx
- Infix, non-associative: it is a requirement that both of the two subexpressions which are the arguments of the operator must be of lower precedence than the operator itself.
- xfy
- Infix, right-associative: only the first (left-hand) subexpression must be of lower precedence; the right-hand subexpression can be of the same precedence as the main operator.
- yfx
- Infix, left-associative: same as above, but the other way around.
- fx
- Prefix, non-associative: the subexpression must be of lower precedence than the operator.
- fy
- Prefix, associative: the subexpression can be of the same precedence as the operator.
- xf
- Postfix, non-associative: the subexpression must be of lower precedence than the operator.
- yf
- Postfix, associative: the subexpression can be of the same precedence as the operator.
(True) Usage:operator_specifier(X)
X specifies the type and associativity of an operator.
True:operator_specifier(X)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)operator_specifier(X) is side-effect free.
True:operator_specifier(X)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:nonvar/1)X is currently a term which is not a free variable.
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)operator_specifier(X) is evaluable at compile-time.
(native_props:is_det/1)All calls of the form operator_specifier(X) are deterministic.
(native_props:relations/2)Goal operator_specifier(X) produces 7 solutions.
Trust:operator_specifier(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:operator_specifier/1)T specifies the type and associativity of an operator.
list([]). list([_1|L]) :- list(L).
(True) Usage:list(L)
L is a list.
True:list(L)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)list(L) is side-effect free.
True:list(L)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:ground/1)L is currently ground (it contains no variables).
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)list(L) is evaluable at compile-time.
(native_props:is_det/1)All calls of the form list(L) are deterministic.
Trust:list(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:list/1)T is a list.
L is a list, and for all its elements, T holds.
(True) Usage:list(L,T)
L is a list of Ts.
General properties:
True:list(L,T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)list(L,T) is side-effect free.
True:list(L,T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:ground/1)L is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(term_typing:ground/1)T is currently ground (it contains no variables).
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)list(L,T) is evaluable at compile-time.
Trust:list(X,T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:list/1)X is a list.
(True) Usage:nlist(L,T)
L is T or a nested list of Ts. Note that if T is term, this type is equivalent to term, this fact explain why we do not have a nlist/1 type
General properties:
True:nlist(L,T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)nlist(L,T) is side-effect free.
True:nlist(L,T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:ground/1)L is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(term_typing:ground/1)T is currently ground (it contains no variables).
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)nlist(L,T) is evaluable at compile-time.
Trust:nlist(X,T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:term/1)X is any term.
(True) Usage:member(X,L)
X is an element of L.
True:member(X,L)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)member(X,L) is side-effect free.
(basic_props:bind_ins/1)member(X,L) is binding insensitive.
True:member(X,L)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(basic_props:list/1)L is a list.
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)member(X,L) is evaluable at compile-time.
Trust:member(_X,L)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:list/1)L is a list.
Trust:member(X,L)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:ground/1)L is currently ground (it contains no variables).
then the following properties hold upon exit:
(term_typing:ground/1)X is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(True) Usage:sequence(S,T)
S is a sequence of Ts.
General properties:
True:sequence(S,T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)sequence(S,T) is side-effect free.
True:sequence(S,T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:ground/1)S is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(term_typing:ground/1)T is currently ground (it contains no variables).
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)sequence(S,T) is evaluable at compile-time.
Trust:sequence(E,T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(term_typing:nonvar/1)E is currently a term which is not a free variable.
(term_typing:ground/1)T is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(True) Usage:sequence_or_list(S,T)
S is a sequence or list of Ts.
General properties:
True:sequence_or_list(S,T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)sequence_or_list(S,T) is side-effect free.
True:sequence_or_list(S,T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:ground/1)S is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(term_typing:ground/1)T is currently ground (it contains no variables).
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)sequence_or_list(S,T) is evaluable at compile-time.
Trust:sequence_or_list(E,T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(term_typing:nonvar/1)E is currently a term which is not a free variable.
(term_typing:ground/1)T is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(True) Usage:character_code(T)
T is an integer which is a character code.
True:character_code(T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)character_code(T) is side-effect free.
True:character_code(T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:nonvar/1)T is currently a term which is not a free variable.
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)character_code(T) is evaluable at compile-time.
Trust:character_code(I)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:character_code/1)I is an integer which is a character code.
(True) Usage:string(T)
T is a string (a list of character codes).
True:string(T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)string(T) is side-effect free.
True:string(T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:ground/1)T is currently ground (it contains no variables).
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)string(T) is evaluable at compile-time.
Trust:string(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:string/1)T is a string (a list of character codes).
(True) Usage:predname(P)
P is a Name/Arity structure denoting a predicate name:
predname(P/A) :- atm(P), nnegint(A).
True:predname(P)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)predname(P) is side-effect free.
True:predname(P)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:ground/1)P is currently ground (it contains no variables).
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)predname(P) is evaluable at compile-time.
Trust:predname(P)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:predname/1)P is a Name/Arity structure denoting a predicate name:predname(P/A) :- atm(P), nnegint(A).
(True) Usage:atm_or_atm_list(T)
T is an atom or a list of atoms.
True:atm_or_atm_list(T)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)atm_or_atm_list(T) is side-effect free.
True:atm_or_atm_list(T)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:ground/1)T is currently ground (it contains no variables).
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)atm_or_atm_list(T) is evaluable at compile-time.
Trust:atm_or_atm_list(T)
- The following properties hold upon exit:
(basic_props:atm_or_atm_list/1)T is an atom or a list of atoms.
(True) Usage:compat(Term,Prop)
Term is compatible with Prop
General properties:
True:compat(Term,Prop)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:ground/1)Term is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(term_typing:ground/1)Prop is currently ground (it contains no variables).
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)compat(Term,Prop) is evaluable at compile-time.
(True) Usage:inst(Term,Prop)
Term is instantiated enough to satisfy Prop.
General properties:
True:inst(Term,Prop)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)inst(Term,Prop) is side-effect free.
True:inst(Term,Prop)
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(term_typing:ground/1)Term is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(term_typing:ground/1)Prop is currently ground (it contains no variables).
then the following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:eval/1)inst(Term,Prop) is evaluable at compile-time.
(True) Usage:iso(G)
Complies with the ISO-Prolog standard.
General properties:
True:iso(G)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)iso(G) is side-effect free.
(True) Usage:deprecated(G)
DEPRECATED.
General properties:
True:deprecated(G)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)deprecated(G) is side-effect free.
(True) Usage:not_further_inst(G,V)
V is not further instantiated.
General properties:
True:not_further_inst(G,V)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)not_further_inst(G,V) is side-effect free.
(basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)Declares that the assertion in which this comp property appears must not be checked at run-time. Equivalent to rtcheck(G, impossible).
Declares that G is side-effect free (if its execution has no observable result other than its success, its failure, or its abortion), soft (if its execution may have other observable results which, however, do not affect subsequent execution, e.g., input/output), or hard (e.g., assert/retract).
(True) Usage:sideff(G,X)
G is side-effect X.
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(basic_props:callable/1)G is a term which represents a goal, i.e., an atom or a structure.
(basic_props:member/2)X is an element of [free,soft,hard].
General properties:
True:sideff(G,X)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.
(basic_props:sideff/2)sideff(G,X) is side-effect free.
(basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)Declares that the assertion in which this comp property appears must not be checked at run-time. Equivalent to rtcheck(G, impossible).
(True) Usage:regtype G
Defines a regular type.
General properties:
True:regtype G
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)regtype G is side-effect free.
(True) Usage:native(Pred)
This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.
General properties:
True:native(P)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)native(P) is side-effect free.
(True) Usage:native(Pred,Key)
This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP as Key.
General properties:
True:native(P,K)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)native(P,K) is side-effect free.
(True) Usage:rtcheck(G)
Equivalent to rtcheck(G, complete).
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(basic_props:callable/1)G is a term which represents a goal, i.e., an atom or a structure.
General properties:
True:rtcheck(G)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)rtcheck(G) is side-effect free.
(True) Usage:rtcheck(G,Status)
The runtime check of the property have the status Status.
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(basic_props:callable/1)G is a term which represents a goal, i.e., an atom or a structure.
(basic_props:rtc_status/1)Status of the runtime-check implementation for a given property. Valid values are:- unimplemented: No run-time checker has been implemented for the property. Althought it can be implemented further.
- incomplete: The current run-time checker is incomplete, which means, under certain circunstances, no error is reported if the property is violated.
- unknown: We do not know if current implementation of run-time checker is complete or not.
- complete: The opposite of incomplete, error is reported always that the property is violated. Default.
- impossible: The property must not be run-time checked (for theoretical or practical reasons).
General properties:
True:rtcheck(G,Status)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)rtcheck(G,Status) is side-effect free.
(True) Usage:no_rtcheck(G)
Declares that the assertion in which this comp property appears must not be checked at run-time. Equivalent to rtcheck(G, impossible).
- If the following properties hold at call time:
(basic_props:callable/1)G is a term which represents a goal, i.e., an atom or a structure.
General properties:
True:no_rtcheck(G)
- The following properties hold globally:
(basic_props:sideff/2)no_rtcheck(G) is side-effect free.
(True) Usage:eval(Goal)
Goal is evaluable at compile-time.
(True) Usage:equiv(Goal1,Goal2)
Goal1 is equivalent to Goal2.
(True) Usage:bind_ins(Goal)
Goal is binding insensitive.
(True) Usage:error_free(Goal)
Goal is error free.
(True) Usage:memo(Goal)
Goal should be memoized (not unfolded).
(True) Usage:pe_type(Goal)
Goal will be filtered in partial evaluation time according to the PE types defined in the assertion.
Known bugs and planned improvements
- Run-time checks have been reported not to work with this code. That means that either the assertions here, or the code that implements the run-time checks are erroneous.